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Monuments and Memorials: Literary Time Periods

Colonial and Early National Period (1600s-1830s)

Puritanism and Early Colonists: religious freedom, God’s grace as only redemption, the elect, diaries, poetry 

Revolutionary War Era: public purpose, rhetoric and persuasion, secular world, neo-classicism, speeches, narratives, pamphlets 

Myths: American Exceptionalism, “City upon a Hill,” self-made man, rational, strong work ethic/pull yourself up by bootstraps, the “new man,” land of the free, home of the brave

Romanticism and Gothicism (1820-1860)

The Five ‘I’s: imagination, intuition, inspiration, individuality, idealism, preoccupation with the past to understand the present, encounters with the sublime, short stories, poetry 

Myths: values of individual freedom, “noble savage”/civilization corrupts, quests for higher truths

Transcendentalism (1820-1830)

Spirituality in nature, man as divine, the oversoul, free verse and the rejection of formal structure, individualism and self-reliance, influence of Eastern religions, essays, poetry 

Myths: rebellion against authority, reject conformity, spontaneous action

Realism (post-Civil War era)

Realistic depictions, lives of ordinary people, colloquial American speech, attempt to capture the present or “the now,” novels, short stories

Myths: frontier, expansionists, empire building

Naturalism (1880-1910)

Individual at the whims of larger forces, economic, social, and biological determinism, Social Darwinism, survival, muckraking journalism, urban squalor as setting, objective narrator

Myths: industrialist, capitalist, melting pot, nation of immigrants

Harlem Renaissance and The New Negro Movement (1918-mid 1930s)

The New Negro, rebirth, art as expression of identity not a reaction to oppression, pan-Africanism, racial double-consciousness, jazz and blues, recognize contributions to the American nation and culture that black Americans have already made

Myths: pride in racial identity is something essentially American

Modernism and Imagism (1910-1945)

Art for art’s sake, break with tradition, rapid progress, collapsed plots, fragmented narratives, stream-of-consciousness, dealing with isolation and disillusionment, modern world as wasteland

Myths: progressive, democratic, war to end all wars, racial “purity” (eugenics) 

Postmodernism and Contemporary Literature (1960-Present)

Deconstruction and rejection of the “master narrative,” the Absurd, satiric commentary on society’s values, anti-hero, fragmentation, psychological time, playful and ironic, dark humor, parody, pop culture, intertextuality, media and virtual, (Later) hybridity, multi-perspective

Myths: relativity/we make our own truth, countercultural, diversity/plurality 

Database Reference Sources

Ebook Central

Ebook Central has hundreds of book relevant to your research on American literary eras. Just a few have been posted on this page. Be sure to search by style, movement, writers, poets, etc. 

Print Books Reference Sources

These are just a few examples of books that may be helpful to your research. Search the catalog on your own or ask Ms. Counts or Ms. Irwin for help. Remember we offer contact-free book pick up in the Chapel if you are unable to stop by the library.

Oxford Reference

Use Oxford Reference for high quality background information on your topic. Below are just two examples of relevant books.