What have been the effects of the Cold War, Decolonization, Globalization or the Digital Revolution in your country?
Cold War
Political, ideological and economic confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union and their allies from the end of World War 2 until the late 1980s. Despite incidents such as the Berlin Airlift (1948–49) and the Cuban missile crisis (1962), open warfare never occurred between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact - although indirect confrontation occurred in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. the Cold War ended with the collapse of communism in the late 1980s and the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact In 1990.
"Cold War." World Encyclopedia Oxford Reference 2004.
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Decolonization
The term decolonization is commonly defined as a change in sovereignty, in which a state recognizes the independence of a segment of the people formerly under its rule and their right to a government formed according to procedures determined by them. A new state acting under its own volition, free from the direct control of foreign actors, comes into existence as a part of the international community. In this sense, the separation of India and Ireland from Britain; of Zaire from Belgium; of Indonesia from the Netherlands; of Bangladesh from Pakistan are clear-cut examples of decolonization.
Smith, Tony. "Decolonization." The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World. : Oxford University Press, 2004. Oxford Reference. Date Accessed 25 Apr. 2021
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Globalization
In a general sense, the increasing worldwide integration of economic, cultural, political, religious, and social systems. Economic globalization is the process by which the whole world becomes a single market. This means that goods and services, capital, and labour are traded on a worldwide basis, and information and the results of research flow readily between countries.
Hashimzade, Nigar, Gareth Myles, and John Black. "Gobalization." A Dictionary of Economics. Oxford University Press, , 2017. Oxford Reference. Date Accessed 25 Apr. 2021
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Digital Divide one result of the Digital Revolution
The differential access to computers, information, the internet, and telecommunications, globally, regionally, nationally, and locally, that also comprises unequal access to job opportunities, resources, and training. ‘To characterise the digital divide solely as a technological divide is a (common) misconception…To some extent it is true that the digital divide is a new name for an old phenomenon: uneven spatial distribution of resources’ (Crampton (2001) Pres. to Ass. Internet Researchers). ‘Advanced technologies have a pro-rich bias: they are essentially designed for developed countries’ (J. James 2002). For less economically developed countries, strategies for closing the divide aim to leapfrog the earlier stages of economic development, bringing advanced communication technologies to areas of deprivation, in a way suited to local socio-economic conditions; for example, the ‘phoneshop’ system (James (2000) Development and Change 31, 4). Dasgupta et al. (2001 W. Bank Working Paper; WPS 2567) highlight the importance of government policy: ‘simulations based on the econometric results, suggest that feasible reforms could sharply narrow the digital divide during the next decade for many countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America’. See the World Bank’s annual Little Data Book for data on technology and infrastructure from over 200 countries.
Mayhew, Susan. "Digital Divide." A Dictionary of Geography. : Oxford University Press, 2015. Oxford Reference.
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