AWH: Resistance to Imperialism and Colonization: Resources

Women, who traditionally controlled the marketing of hinterland goods such as kola nuts and palm oil at the coast, became increasingly involved in protests and anti-colonial struggles.

The 1929 Igbo Women's War, referred to as Ogu Umunwanyi in Igbo or the Aba Women's Riot by the British colonial authority in Nigeria, was one of the most significant protest movements in the former British Empire.

1929 Nigerian Women's Protest represents the first major revolt during British colonial rule in Africa organized and led by women.

British-Ashanti relations improved during the 1830s but deteriorated again during the 1860s, leading to the Second Anglo-Ashanti
War (1863–1864).

Badsey, Stephen. "Ashanti war." The Oxford Companion to Military History. : Oxford University Press, . Oxford Reference. Date Accessed 14 Feb. 2022 .

The Anglo-Zulu War of 1879 was fought between Britain and the Zulu nation in South Africa. The war remains one of the most dramatic in both British and southern African history during the colonial period. It marked the end of the independence of the Zulu nation and the entrenchment of British colonialism in South Africa.

At the Battle of Isandhlwana in South Africa during the Zulu War of 1879 (the last of the Zulu Wars), a British detachment of approximately 1,700 soldiers was surprised and annihilated by an overwhelming Zulu force of over 20,000 warriors.

overview includes wars with Boers and British

overview

The Battle of Adowa occurred on March 1, 1896 between the forces of Ethiopia and Italy. It resulted in a decisive defeat for Italy.

biography of emperor of Ethiopia who grew suspicious of Italian ambitions in the northern Ethiopian province of Tigre, located on Eritrea's southern border.

overview and significance

The Haitian Revolution was the most radical social revolution in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in the Atlantic world and Europe. It was a dual revolution: a revolution against racial slavery (1791–1801) and then a revolution against French colonial domination (1801–1805).
Bogues, Anthony. "Haitian Revolution." The Oxford Encyclopedia of African Thought. : Oxford University Press, . Oxford Reference. Date Accessed 14 Feb. 2022 .

biography of revolution leader

KINJIKITILE was a religious leader in southeastern Tanganyika (now Tanzania) who provided inspiration for the anticolonial struggles known as the Maji Maji Wars.

background information

background, significance

biography of influential leader

Samori Toure is remembered by many in modern Guinea as a great patriot because of his fierce resistance to French imperialism.

Toure had been one of the most formidable opponents of European colonial rule in West Africa, even though his own imperial plans had alienated many of his subjects

background information on history, heritage, culture of the Ndebele people.

background on Ndebele people and rebellions